Product Information

Innovative modular design renders Delta EMD with an extremely flexible production facility, capable of efficiently directing output capacity to align with global EMD market demands. Two major product ranges are manufactured i.e. High Grade EMD, finding application in Alkaline and Lithium Primary chemistries and Low Grade EMD, which is consumed in cylindrical and flat Zinc Carbon cells.

Low Grade EMD is characterised by a tailored particle size and trace element profile, making it the obvious value proposition for Zinc Carbon applications. In addition, these materials are generally higher in aqueous pH to allow for optimum physical and chemical interaction with Zinc Carbon black mixes.

To satisfy the vastly differentiated requirements of the High Grade market segment, Delta EMD currently offers various product ranges. These product ranges are specially designed for optimum value offering in the following major market segmentations:

Product Range Performance Segment Typical Cell Sizes Typical Cell Uses
Standard Low to Medium drain, mostly uninterrupted Mostly C and D and to a lesser extent AA and 9V Emergency lighting, Remote controls, Toys with low drain demand, etc
Premium Medium drain, both uninterrupted and intermittent Mostly AA and to a lesser extent AAA Toys with constant and intermittent drain demands, General purpose electronic devices, etc.
Ultra High drain mostly intermittent High rate performance AA/AAA Digital Media Digital media
Lithium Primary Medium to extremely high drain Specialised designs Pacemakers, Defibrillators, Deep-sea buoys, Military applications, etc

Typical product characteristics are summarised below:

Physical Properties Value Units
< 75 micron (U.S. Std. Sieve) >85 %
Density (Scott) >23 g/inch³
Chemical Properties Value Units
MnO2 >92 %
Moisture (Surface and Crystalline) >4.5 %
Sulphates  >1 %
pH (aqueous emulsion) >6 units
Ca, K
<500 ppm
Trace Elements Value Units
Fe <100 ppm
Cr <5 ppm
Co <10 ppm
Ti <100 ppm
Cu <3 ppm
Pb <3  
Electrochemical Properties Value Units
Open Circuit Voltage >1.625 Volts vs. Zinc